Larus fuscus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758 · čajka tmavá ssp. fuscus · Lesser Black-backed Gull ssp. fuscus

Distribution

Larus fuscus fuscus is the nominate Lesser Black-backed Gull subspecies, also known as Baltic Gull. It breeds in parts of northern and eastern Europe and migrates mainly towards African wintering grounds. This card excludes graellsii and intermedius; Slovak records of the whole species cannot automatically be assigned to fuscus.

Habitat

Breeding habitats include coasts, islands and inland lakes. On passage it may visit reservoirs, rivers and other feeding or resting sites.

Breeding

It breeds mainly in colonies. A nest of plant material is usually placed on the ground, and both parents care for the eggs and chicks. This account concerns its breeding range outside Slovakia.

Food

It takes fish, insects and other available animals. Feeding methods vary with habitat and season.

Identification

A very dark back alone does not confirm the subspecies. Age, proportions and moult are important; a ring of known origin can provide valuable evidence. When diagnostic evidence is insufficient, identification should remain Larus fuscus.