Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758) · vrabec poľný · Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Distribution

The Tree Sparrow is widespread in Europe and Asia and has also been introduced beyond its natural range. In Slovakia it is a common resident breeder, particularly in lowlands, hills and basins. Winter flocks move between food sources, but it is not a typical long-distance migrant.

Habitat

It is most often found around village edges, orchards, gardens, tree-lined roads and farmland with shrubs. It needs suitable cavities and areas rich in seeds or insects. In winter it readily visits feeders, especially where dense cover is nearby.

Breeding

It nests in tree cavities, nestboxes and holes in buildings, often near other pairs. The nest consists of grass with a soft lining. Usually 5–6 eggs are laid, and repeated broods are possible; both parents feed the young.

Food

Adults collect herb seeds and cereal grains. Insects and other invertebrates become more important in spring and summer, particularly for growing chicks.

Interesting fact

Unlike House Sparrows, male and female Tree Sparrows look very similar. Both have a chestnut crown and a black spot on a white cheek, so these features cannot be used to determine sex.

Sources: Slovak Wikipedia · English Wikipedia · BTO BirdFacts