Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758 · čajka tmavá · Lesser Black-backed Gull

Distribution

The Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) breeds in western and northern Europe and parts of northern and central Asia. Depending on the subspecies, wintering areas extend from western and southern Europe through Africa to southern Asia. In Slovakia it occurs mainly on passage, with smaller numbers in winter, and does not breed regularly. This card covers the whole species, so records cannot automatically be assigned to the nominate subspecies fuscus.

Habitat

In Slovakia it uses reservoirs, rivers and open feeding areas, often joining mixed gull flocks. Breeding habitats include coasts, islands and inland lakes; some populations also nest in towns. Wintering birds use both seashores and inland waters.

Breeding

It breeds mainly in colonies. The plant-built nest may be on the ground, a rock ledge or a roof. Both parents incubate the usually three eggs and subsequently feed the chicks. This breeding account concerns its range outside Slovakia.

Food

It catches fish, insects and other small animals, also taking carrion and scraps. Feeding methods adapt to available habitats along migration routes.

Interesting fact

A very dark back alone does not establish subspecies. Age, primary moult and often a ring of known origin matter; some birds can safely be identified only as Lesser Black-backed Gull.

Sources: Slovak Wikipedia · English Wikipedia · OSPAR: Lesser Black-backed Gull · Gull Research: Baltic Lesser Black-backed Gull